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CHARLES TAYLOR: VARIETIES OF RELIGION TODAY / NOTES OF EVIL RETAIL

Gonzalo Gamio Gehri

Taylor, Charles Varieties of religion today Cambridge, Polity Press 2004.

The present book is a revision of the work of William James in philosophy of religion (particularly The Varieties of Religious Experience and The Will to Believe) to light contemporary critical thinking. Our author intends to discuss the validity of James's approach to religious reflection. Suggests that this is a work that has aged little.

The cornerstone of religion according to James is living experience, feverish, the believer. Does not refer to the ordinary life of the religious community, considering that the transmission of faith is lost the strength of the original experience. Focuses attention on the individual experience of touch with what is considered divine. Philosophical or theological reflection come later (they are 'second act'). Usually mystical spirituality is considered heretical, "orthodoxy" tend "to stifle the religious spirit." James seeks to distinguish between religious feeling and emphasis on dogma and doctrinal correctness.

The purpose of the investigation of James is "twice born." In contrast to the "born again" - who believe that everything is on the right track and that God is on their side - The religious spirit is associated with the provision of "sick souls", which clearly perceive "pain, misery, evil and suffering in the world." These souls are aware of their captivity. The American philosopher distinguishes three types of religious disease:

- Religious melancholy, for which the world reveals strange, meaningless.

- The melancholy based on fear, for which the world appears perverse, so desperate believer against the approach of evil.

- The acute awareness of one's sins, based on understanding of human nature as basically sinful.

These states of soul than from the "second birth", birth in faith. An experience of liberation from the intervention of Grace , which produces in the believer an attitude of confidence in salvation, "or the triumph of Good." With these new eyes, the world is more beautiful and real. This experience is often found in Protestant spirituality. Postmodern culture, in contrast, seems to assert itself on the experience of the disappearance of the security sense. In many cases, conservative theology seeks to challenge the withdrawal of sense.

James was aware of the problem of the admissibility of the faith. One line of research scientistic religious spirituality rejects under has not backed by scientific certainty. The author believes that the conflict scientism / religious belief is a passion conflicting decisions, involving fear of failure and faith. Suspend the trial is now eligible in this dilemma. James claims the right to believe. Taylor links this issue with Pascal's famous wager.

Taylor addresses the problem of secularization from the horizon of modern referral - in relation to personal and institutional life - regular time, in contrast to the continuous references of religiosity and pre-modern politics "time top" as a source of meaning. It evokes the idea of \u200b\u200bsociety, its institutions and the system of rights as the result of "divine design" in the ordinary world (USA, 1776).

Taylor In the last part examines ways of understanding the link entity Church, society and personal life. It relies on Durkheim's thesis according to which churches help to define the sacred in society.

Taylor distinguishes three models derived from this thesis:

- Paleodurkheimiano: refers to the "dependency ontic "state and institucionesrespecto of God and the" time top.

- Neodurkheimiano: appeals to the Deist idea of \u200b\u200b"divine design".

- Postdurkheimiano: proridad of our individual experience.'s with spiritual is increasingly disconnected from our relationship with political society.

Even if the Church continues to support from quarries postdurkheimianas, according to Taylor, this support does not override the priority of individual freedom when confronted with doctrine (eg, on sexual ethics or social justice issues).